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Abstract
Rationale: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation is a promising therapy for cancer-relatedmalnutrition, which affects 20-70% of patients with cancer1,2. This systematic review aimed to examine the effects of oralomega-3 PUFA supplementation on muscle maintenance and quality of life in patients with cancer.
Methods: Randomised controlled trials in cancer patients aged >18 years were retrieved from 5 electronic databases;MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL (via EBSCOhost), and Web of Science, from database inceptionuntil 31st of December 2019. Trials supplementing ≥600 mg/d omega-3 PUFA (oral capsules, pure fish oil or oralnutritional supplements) or a control intervention for ≥3 weeks were included. Meta-analyses were performed in RevManto determine the mean differences (MD) in muscle mass and quality of life between omega-3 PUFA and control groupswith 95% confidence intervals (CI) and I2 for heterogeneity.
Results: We included 33 studies in patients with various types of cancers and degrees of malnutrition. The Cochrane riskof bias tool graded most trials as ‘unclear’ or ‘high’ risk of bias. Meta-analyses showed oral omega-3 PUFA supplementsimproved physical functioning (MD: 6.33; 95% CI: 0.32, 12.34, p=0.04; I2=0%) and potentially reduced fatigue (MD: -6.21;95% CI: -13.473, 1.05, p=0.09; I2=14%). However, there was no significant effect of omega-3 PUFA supplements onmuscle mass, global health status, emotional functioning and symptoms (nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite anddiarrhoea).
Conclusion: This review provides evidence for the benefits of oral omega-3 PUFA supplementation on quality of life butnot on muscle maintenance in patients with cancer. Well-designed large-scale randomised controlled trials inhomogenous patient cohorts are required to confirm these findings.
Methods: Randomised controlled trials in cancer patients aged >18 years were retrieved from 5 electronic databases;MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL (via EBSCOhost), and Web of Science, from database inceptionuntil 31st of December 2019. Trials supplementing ≥600 mg/d omega-3 PUFA (oral capsules, pure fish oil or oralnutritional supplements) or a control intervention for ≥3 weeks were included. Meta-analyses were performed in RevManto determine the mean differences (MD) in muscle mass and quality of life between omega-3 PUFA and control groupswith 95% confidence intervals (CI) and I2 for heterogeneity.
Results: We included 33 studies in patients with various types of cancers and degrees of malnutrition. The Cochrane riskof bias tool graded most trials as ‘unclear’ or ‘high’ risk of bias. Meta-analyses showed oral omega-3 PUFA supplementsimproved physical functioning (MD: 6.33; 95% CI: 0.32, 12.34, p=0.04; I2=0%) and potentially reduced fatigue (MD: -6.21;95% CI: -13.473, 1.05, p=0.09; I2=14%). However, there was no significant effect of omega-3 PUFA supplements onmuscle mass, global health status, emotional functioning and symptoms (nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite anddiarrhoea).
Conclusion: This review provides evidence for the benefits of oral omega-3 PUFA supplementation on quality of life butnot on muscle maintenance in patients with cancer. Well-designed large-scale randomised controlled trials inhomogenous patient cohorts are required to confirm these findings.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | LB-237 |
| Number of pages | 667 |
| Journal | Clinical Nutrition ESPEN |
| Volume | 40 |
| Early online date | 9 Nov 2020 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Dec 2020 |
| Event | 42nd ESPEN Virtual Congress - Online Duration: 19 Sep 2020 → 21 Sep 2020 Conference number: 42nd https://espencongress.com/ |
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Dive into the research topics of 'The effect of oral omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on muscle maintenance and quality of life in patients with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.Related Projects
- 2 Active
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Research by Master of Nutrition and Dietetic Practice Students
Isenring, E., Marshall, S., Reidlinger, D., Kelly, J., Cox, G., Van der Meij, B., MacKenzie-Shalders, K., Mayr, H., Utter, J., Dahl, C., Crichton, M., O'Bryan, K. R., Norris, R., Warner, M., Davidson, A., Naranjo, A., Mahoney, S., Eberhardt, F., Dalwood, P., Lopez, E., Hofto, S., Innerarity, C., So, D., McIntosh, A., Gadd, N., Chan, H. C., Lan, X., Fei, X., Kostjasyn, S., Adhyaru, P., Giang, J., Leung, E. L. Y., Strike, K., Pearcy, J., Somani, A., Wright, C., Matthews, C., Lee, G. & Tang, X.
1/01/14 → 31/12/27
Project: Research
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Oncology Nutrition Research
Isenring, E., Marshall, S., Van der Meij, B., Teleni, L., Crichton, M. & Tang, X.
1/01/14 → …
Project: Research
Related Activities
- 1 Non-HDR Student Supervision
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Chung Nga Lam - Masters of Nutrition and Dietetic Practice research project
Chung Nga Lam (Student ), Amanda Watt (Supervisor), Elizabeth Isenring (Supervisor), Marian de van der Schueren (Researcher) & Barbara Van der Meij (Supervisor)
1 Sep 2018 → 30 Apr 2019Activity: Professional Development, Mentorship, Supervision and Other Activities › Non-HDR Student Supervision
Related Research Outputs
- 1 Review article
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The effect of oral omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on muscle maintenance and quality of life in patients with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Lam, C. N., Watt, A. E., Isenring, E. A., de van der Schueren, M. A. E. & van der Meij, B. S., Jun 2021, In: Clinical Nutrition. 40, 6, p. 3815-3826 12 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › Research › peer-review
9 Citations (Scopus)