Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Typing

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing process utilizes biochemical techniques to determine the sequential order of nucleotide bases in a DNA strand using sequencing machines. Last decade has witnessed a tremendous expansion since the invention of the Sanger sequencing. High-throughput sequencing technologies have emerged at a fast pace and successfully occupying the commercial diagnosis market as well as personalized medicine. Along with these advances, computational and algorithmic approaches to align and analyse the sequence-reads from diverse sequencing technologies have been remarkable. These high-throughput techniques have still not plateaued in cost and throughput; and additional concepts are still in development. Here, we reviewed the developments in different sequencing and computational analysis methods and highlight some of the key examples of sequencers utilizing those technologies.