TY - JOUR
T1 - Relatively high-protein or 'low-carb' energy-restricted diets for body weight loss and body weight maintenance?
AU - Soenen, Stijn
AU - Bonomi, Alberto G.
AU - Lemmens, Sofie G.T.
AU - Scholte, Jolande
AU - Thijssen, Myriam A.M.A.
AU - Van Berkum, Frank
AU - Westerterp-Plantenga, Margriet S.
PY - 2012/1/1
Y1 - 2012/1/1
N2 - Background: 'Low-carb' diets have been suggested to be effective in body weight (BW) management. However, these diets are relatively high in protein as well. Objective: To unravel whether body-weight loss and weight-maintenance depends on the high-protein or the 'low-carb' component of the diet. Design: Body-weight (BW), fat mass (FM), blood- and urine-parameters of 132 participants (age=50± 12 yr; BW=107±20 kg; BMI=37±6 kg/m2; FM=47.5±11.9 kg) were compared after 3 and 12 months between four energy-restricted diets with 33% of energy requirement for the first 3 months, and 67% for the last 9 months: normal-protein normal-carbohydrate (NPNC), normal-protein low-carbohydrate (NPLC); high-protein normal-carbohydrate (HPNC), high-protein low-carbohydrate (HPLC); 24 h N-analyses confirmed daily protein intakes for the normal-protein diets of 0.7±0.1 and for the high-protein diets of 1.1±0.2 g/kg BW (pb0.01). Results: BW and FM decreased over 3 months (pb0.001): HP (-14.1±4 kg; -11.9±1.7 kg) vs. NP (-11.5± 4 kg; -9.3±0.7 kg) (pb0.001); LC (-13.5±4 kg; -11.0±1.2 kg) vs. NC (-12.3±3 kg; -10.3±1.1 kg) (ns). Diet×time interaction showed HPLC (-14.7±5 kg; -11.9±1.6 kg) vs. HPNC (-13.8±3 kg; -11.9±1.8 kg) (ns); NPLC (-12.2±4 kg; -10.0±0.8 kg) vs. NPNC (-10.7±4 kg; -8.6±0.7 kg) (ns); HPLC vs. NPLC (pb0.001); HPNC vs. NPNC (pb0.001). Decreases over 12 months (pb0.001) showed HP (-12.8±4 kg; -9.1± 0.8 kg) vs. NP (-8.9±3 kg; -7.7±0.6 kg) (pb0.001); LC (-10.6±4 kg; -8.3±0.7 kg) vs. NC (11.1±3 kg; 9.3±0.7 kg) (ns). Diet×time interaction showed HPLC (-11.6±5 kg; -8.2±0.7 kg) vs. HPNC (-14.1±4 kg; -10.0±0.9 kg) (ns); NPNC (-8.2±3 kg; -6.7±0.6 kg) vs. NPLC (-9.7±3 kg; -8.5±0.7 kg) (ns); HPLC vs. NPLC (pb0.01); HPNC vs. NPNC (pb0.01). HPNC vs. all other diets reduced diastolic blood pressure more. Relationships between changes in BW, FM, FFM or metabolic parameters and energy percentage of fat in the diet were not statistically significant. Metabolic profile and fat-free-mass were improved following weight-loss. Conclusion: Body-weight loss and weight-maintenance depends on the high-protein, but not on the 'low-carb' component of the diet, while it is unrelated to the concomitant fat-content of the diet.
AB - Background: 'Low-carb' diets have been suggested to be effective in body weight (BW) management. However, these diets are relatively high in protein as well. Objective: To unravel whether body-weight loss and weight-maintenance depends on the high-protein or the 'low-carb' component of the diet. Design: Body-weight (BW), fat mass (FM), blood- and urine-parameters of 132 participants (age=50± 12 yr; BW=107±20 kg; BMI=37±6 kg/m2; FM=47.5±11.9 kg) were compared after 3 and 12 months between four energy-restricted diets with 33% of energy requirement for the first 3 months, and 67% for the last 9 months: normal-protein normal-carbohydrate (NPNC), normal-protein low-carbohydrate (NPLC); high-protein normal-carbohydrate (HPNC), high-protein low-carbohydrate (HPLC); 24 h N-analyses confirmed daily protein intakes for the normal-protein diets of 0.7±0.1 and for the high-protein diets of 1.1±0.2 g/kg BW (pb0.01). Results: BW and FM decreased over 3 months (pb0.001): HP (-14.1±4 kg; -11.9±1.7 kg) vs. NP (-11.5± 4 kg; -9.3±0.7 kg) (pb0.001); LC (-13.5±4 kg; -11.0±1.2 kg) vs. NC (-12.3±3 kg; -10.3±1.1 kg) (ns). Diet×time interaction showed HPLC (-14.7±5 kg; -11.9±1.6 kg) vs. HPNC (-13.8±3 kg; -11.9±1.8 kg) (ns); NPLC (-12.2±4 kg; -10.0±0.8 kg) vs. NPNC (-10.7±4 kg; -8.6±0.7 kg) (ns); HPLC vs. NPLC (pb0.001); HPNC vs. NPNC (pb0.001). Decreases over 12 months (pb0.001) showed HP (-12.8±4 kg; -9.1± 0.8 kg) vs. NP (-8.9±3 kg; -7.7±0.6 kg) (pb0.001); LC (-10.6±4 kg; -8.3±0.7 kg) vs. NC (11.1±3 kg; 9.3±0.7 kg) (ns). Diet×time interaction showed HPLC (-11.6±5 kg; -8.2±0.7 kg) vs. HPNC (-14.1±4 kg; -10.0±0.9 kg) (ns); NPNC (-8.2±3 kg; -6.7±0.6 kg) vs. NPLC (-9.7±3 kg; -8.5±0.7 kg) (ns); HPLC vs. NPLC (pb0.01); HPNC vs. NPNC (pb0.01). HPNC vs. all other diets reduced diastolic blood pressure more. Relationships between changes in BW, FM, FFM or metabolic parameters and energy percentage of fat in the diet were not statistically significant. Metabolic profile and fat-free-mass were improved following weight-loss. Conclusion: Body-weight loss and weight-maintenance depends on the high-protein, but not on the 'low-carb' component of the diet, while it is unrelated to the concomitant fat-content of the diet.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84867219240&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.08.004
DO - 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.08.004
M3 - Article
C2 - 22935440
AN - SCOPUS:84867219240
SN - 0031-9384
VL - 107
SP - 374
EP - 380
JO - Physiology and Behavior
JF - Physiology and Behavior
IS - 3
ER -