Promotion of the employment of persons with disabilities in Japan, the United States, and China: Carrot, stick, or both?

Persons with disabilities constitute a significant population in the world. Over the years, governments in different parts of the world have attempted to protect this disadvantaged group by providing various kinds of social and medical services. The efficacy of these services at meeting their underlying objectives and ameliorating the lot of persons with disabilities has been quite controversial. However, the employment rate of persons with disabilities who are competent and willing to work is still considerably lower than that of persons without disabilities.