TY - JOUR
T1 - Modeling and application of the competition and cooperation relationship between online ride-hailing and subways
AU - Zhang, Chunqin
AU - Liu, Han
AU - Pan, Dini
AU - Zheng, Liqun
AU - Skitmore, Martin
AU - Xia, Paul
AU - Liu, Yong
AU - Yao, Wenbin
AU - Xiao, Guangnian
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025
PY - 2025/11
Y1 - 2025/11
N2 - The rapid growth of online ride-hailing (ORH) has sparked an ongoing academic debate about whether it replaces or complements public transit. This study contributes to this debate by examining the relationship between ORH and subway systems through the analysis of 880,000 ORH trajectory data provided by China's Didi Chuxing platform. By investigating the spatial relationship between ORH origin-destination (OD) points and subway stations, ORH trips are categorized into three modes: Subway-Competitive Trips (SCT), Subway-Extending Trips (SET), and Subway-Unserved Trips (SUT). The impact mechanisms of the built environment on these three modes and their spatial effects are then explored using a multiscale geographically weighted regression analysis. The findings reveal significant spatial heterogeneity in the relationships between the SUT, SCT, and SET modes and the built environment. Factors such as shopping services, scenic attractions, and bus stop density positively influence ORH trip volumes. Additionally, the SUT mode is more strongly impacted by residential and healthcare services, whereas the SCT mode is also influenced by accommodation services, leisure, entertainment, and corporate establishments. Accommodation services and corporate establishments have a strong influence on the SET mode as well. Moreover, the study suggests that ORH services tend to complement subways rather than directly compete with them.
AB - The rapid growth of online ride-hailing (ORH) has sparked an ongoing academic debate about whether it replaces or complements public transit. This study contributes to this debate by examining the relationship between ORH and subway systems through the analysis of 880,000 ORH trajectory data provided by China's Didi Chuxing platform. By investigating the spatial relationship between ORH origin-destination (OD) points and subway stations, ORH trips are categorized into three modes: Subway-Competitive Trips (SCT), Subway-Extending Trips (SET), and Subway-Unserved Trips (SUT). The impact mechanisms of the built environment on these three modes and their spatial effects are then explored using a multiscale geographically weighted regression analysis. The findings reveal significant spatial heterogeneity in the relationships between the SUT, SCT, and SET modes and the built environment. Factors such as shopping services, scenic attractions, and bus stop density positively influence ORH trip volumes. Additionally, the SUT mode is more strongly impacted by residential and healthcare services, whereas the SCT mode is also influenced by accommodation services, leisure, entertainment, and corporate establishments. Accommodation services and corporate establishments have a strong influence on the SET mode as well. Moreover, the study suggests that ORH services tend to complement subways rather than directly compete with them.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105009840894&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.cities.2025.106230
DO - 10.1016/j.cities.2025.106230
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105009840894
SN - 0264-2751
VL - 166
SP - 1
EP - 16
JO - Cities
JF - Cities
M1 - 106230
ER -