Managing menopause and post-reproductive health: beyond hormones and medicines

In response to some studies showing an association between menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and risk of cancer and cardiovascular events, there has been increasing interest in nonhormonal- and nonmedication-based approaches to managing menopausal symptoms and optimising post-reproductive health. The aim is to maintain and promote good quality of life and independence for as long as possible.

This chapter examines the recent evidence (published within the past 10 years) for diet and exercise lifestyle options for post-reproductive health in women, specifically examining interventions for menopausal vasomotor symptoms, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and dementia and cognitive decline. Promoting a healthy diet and preventing both obesity and malnutrition needs to be combined with physical activity. All interventions must be cost-effective, culturally acceptable and enjoyable.