TY - JOUR
T1 - Heuristics and biases in cardiovascular disease prevention: How can we improve communication about risk, benefits and harms?
AU - Bonner, Carissa
AU - McKinn, Shannon
AU - Lau, Annie
AU - Jansen, Jesse
AU - Doust, Jenny
AU - Trevena, Lyndal
AU - McCaffery, Kirsten
PY - 2018/5/1
Y1 - 2018/5/1
N2 - Objective: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention guidelines recommend medication based on the probability of a heart attack/stroke in the next 5-10 years. However, heuristics and biases make risk communication challenging for doctors. This study explored how patients interpret personalised CVD risk results presented in varying formats and timeframes. Methods: GPs recruited 25 patients with CVD risk factors and varying medication history. Participants were asked to 'think aloud' while using two CVD risk calculators that present probabilistic risk in different ways, within a semi-structured interview. Transcribed audio-recordings were coded using Framework Analysis. Results: Key themes were: 1) numbers lack meaning without a reference point; 2) risk results need to be both credible and novel; 3) selective attention to intervention effects. Risk categories (low/moderate/high) provided meaningful context, but short-term risk results were not credible if they didn't match expectations. Colour-coded icon arrays showing the effect of age and interventions were seen as novel and motivating. Those on medication focused on benefits, while others focused on harms. Conclusion: CVD risk formats need to be tailored to patient expectations and experiences in order to counteract heuristics and biases. Practice implications: Doctors need access to multiple CVD risk formats to communicate effectively about CVD prevention.
AB - Objective: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention guidelines recommend medication based on the probability of a heart attack/stroke in the next 5-10 years. However, heuristics and biases make risk communication challenging for doctors. This study explored how patients interpret personalised CVD risk results presented in varying formats and timeframes. Methods: GPs recruited 25 patients with CVD risk factors and varying medication history. Participants were asked to 'think aloud' while using two CVD risk calculators that present probabilistic risk in different ways, within a semi-structured interview. Transcribed audio-recordings were coded using Framework Analysis. Results: Key themes were: 1) numbers lack meaning without a reference point; 2) risk results need to be both credible and novel; 3) selective attention to intervention effects. Risk categories (low/moderate/high) provided meaningful context, but short-term risk results were not credible if they didn't match expectations. Colour-coded icon arrays showing the effect of age and interventions were seen as novel and motivating. Those on medication focused on benefits, while others focused on harms. Conclusion: CVD risk formats need to be tailored to patient expectations and experiences in order to counteract heuristics and biases. Practice implications: Doctors need access to multiple CVD risk formats to communicate effectively about CVD prevention.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85038359882&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.pec.2017.12.003
DO - 10.1016/j.pec.2017.12.003
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85038359882
SN - 0738-3991
VL - 101
SP - 843
EP - 853
JO - Patient Education and Counseling
JF - Patient Education and Counseling
IS - 5
ER -