Abstract
Background:
Type 2 diabetes is a major cause of illness and disability and physical activity reduces these risks. The SMART Health study aim was to compare the efficacy of a multicomponent intervention to promote aerobic physical activity and resistance training in schoolteachers at risk of or diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, with and without a technology-based behavior change package.
Methods:
We randomized participants (N = 104) into 3 groups: “wait-list” control group, 5 face-to-face visits with a psychologist and exercise specialist (SH group), or 5 face-to-face visits over a 3-month period with a psychologist and exercise specialist, plus a technology-based behavior change package for an additional 6 months (SH+ group). Physical activity was the primary outcome (daily steps measured by pedometers). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, plasma lipids, self-reported resistance training, anxiety and depression were also assessed at 3 and 9 months (primary time point). Linear mixed models were used to assess the intervention efficacy of SH and SH+ compared with wait-list control.
Results:
There were no significant group-by-time effects for steps in the SH or SH+ groups compared to the wait-list control group. Self-reported participation in monthly minutes of resistance training significantly increased at 3-month postbaseline in both groups (SH: 136 min, P < .01, d = 0.33 and SH+: 145 min P < .001, d = 0.4) versus the control group. The improvements were maintained for the SH group at 9 months. There was also a meaningful effect (P < .06, d = −0.23) for reducing anxiety for SH group at 9 months.
Conclusions:
SMART Health was a feasible, multicomponent intervention, which increased self-reported resistance training but no other secondary outcomes.
Type 2 diabetes is a major cause of illness and disability and physical activity reduces these risks. The SMART Health study aim was to compare the efficacy of a multicomponent intervention to promote aerobic physical activity and resistance training in schoolteachers at risk of or diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, with and without a technology-based behavior change package.
Methods:
We randomized participants (N = 104) into 3 groups: “wait-list” control group, 5 face-to-face visits with a psychologist and exercise specialist (SH group), or 5 face-to-face visits over a 3-month period with a psychologist and exercise specialist, plus a technology-based behavior change package for an additional 6 months (SH+ group). Physical activity was the primary outcome (daily steps measured by pedometers). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, plasma lipids, self-reported resistance training, anxiety and depression were also assessed at 3 and 9 months (primary time point). Linear mixed models were used to assess the intervention efficacy of SH and SH+ compared with wait-list control.
Results:
There were no significant group-by-time effects for steps in the SH or SH+ groups compared to the wait-list control group. Self-reported participation in monthly minutes of resistance training significantly increased at 3-month postbaseline in both groups (SH: 136 min, P < .01, d = 0.33 and SH+: 145 min P < .001, d = 0.4) versus the control group. The improvements were maintained for the SH group at 9 months. There was also a meaningful effect (P < .06, d = −0.23) for reducing anxiety for SH group at 9 months.
Conclusions:
SMART Health was a feasible, multicomponent intervention, which increased self-reported resistance training but no other secondary outcomes.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 334-346 |
| Number of pages | 13 |
| Journal | Journal of Physical Activity and Health |
| Volume | 22 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| Early online date | 13 Dec 2024 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Mar 2025 |
