Childhood Maltreatment and Subsequent Offending Behaviors in Australian Women: Exploring the Role of Borderline Personality Disorder

Background:
Childhood Maltreatment (CM) is linked to adverse outcomes, including Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and increased propensity for offending behaviors. However, research on the specific role that BPD plays between the two is limited and highly relevant given the high prevalence of CM in Australia.

Objective:
The present study aimed to investigate (1) the relationship between CM and subsequent offending behaviors, (2) whether BPD mediates the relation between CM and offending behaviors, and (3) which type of CM (physical, sexual, emotional abuse, neglect, exposure to domestic violence, multitype maltreatment) predicts BPD.

Participants:
The sample comprised 106 self-identified Australian female survivors of interpersonal violent crimes.

Methods:
Participants completed an online survey consisting of the Adverse Childhood Events Questionnaire, the McLean Screening Instrument for BPD, and a self-created questionnaire to measure offending behaviors. Regression, mediation analysis, and logistic regression were conducted.

Results:
CM significantly predicted offending behaviors (path c, B = 1.39, p <. 001) with BPD partially mediating the relationship (path c', B = 1.04, 95% CI [0.31, 1.77], p = .006; path a, B = 0.47, 95% CI [0.12, 0.83], p = .009, path b, B = 0.34, 95% CI [0.07, 0.61], p = .014). Emotional abuse and multitype exposure were identified as predictors of BPD symptom development (OR = 9.42, 95% CI OR [2.58, 34.40]; OR = 3.81, 95% CI OR [1.41; 10.28], respectively).

Conclusion:
These findings indicate the necessity of early interventions addressing CM, with a particular focus on emotional abuse and exposure to more than one type of maltreatment, to reduce the risk of developing BPD symptomatology and mitigate future offending behaviors.