A tale of confusion and misinformation - the evaluation of protein supplementation practices, knowledge and beliefs in recreational adult athletes.

Introduction: There are clear recommendations relating to protein intake around resistance exercise to promote MPS. However, evidence-based information relating to protein intake and supplementation is plausibly limited to some athlete populations including those within recreational sporting clubs and gyms. Methods: 46 athletes completed a survey assessing protein supplementation practices, knowledge and beliefs. Results: 48% of athletes reported the regular use of protein supplements, with 91% consuming them immediately after resistance exercise. Of those taking protein supplements, the main reported reasons for their consumption were to aid recovery (54%), for weight gain/ muscle gain (48%), improve strength (33%) and improve performance (31%). Most of the athletes reported that they were taking supplements based on their own decision (38%), coach’s advice (38%) with fewer reporting taking them due to advice from a dietitian or nutritionist (10%). The athletes reported that they purchased their protein supplements from their local health food store (26%), followed by at a pharmacy (22%), online (22%) and from a personal/team trainer (15%). 38% of athletes believed (agreed or strongly agreed) that their protein intake was insufficient without supplementation and 40% felt that discontinuing supplementation would impact their performance. Conclusion: This preliminary research highlights a range of causative factors influencing athlete intake practices and some athlete confusion regarding protein recommendations. It potentially provides a platform for further studies to assess athlete's protein supplement intake practices, knowledge and beliefs. These studies can potentially guide sports dietitians to effectively educate and market evidence-based messages regarding protein supplementation and dietary protein intake to athletes.