A systematic review of the status of neuropsychological research and dementia in South Asia

It is recognized that there is a notable presence of psychology and dementia-related issues in South Asian (SA) countries, and this problem is on the rise. Nevertheless, the problems found in the field of neuropsychology are yet to be
fully resolved in the region. Unlike the case in developed countries, neuropsychology, despite the scopes and genuine potential, is not broadly practiced in South Asia (which constitutes 25% of the world population), and the opportunity for extensive research is limited. Although India has made substantial progress in neuropsychology through the establishment of neuropsychological units and by developing assessment modules based on cultural requirements and the living standards of the population, the rest of the South Asia region is lagging far behind in the sphere of health science. Neuropsychology covers a vast area of brain-behavior relationships, of which cognitive impairment is an important part. Except for India, other South Asian countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal have not had specific noteworthy studies on neuropsychology, but there have been a few research works done on neuropsychology, cognitive impairment, and other neurological assessments. This article focuses on reviewing the status of the development of neuropsychological research in South Asia, and it also assesses quantitative studies on dementia in the region where cognitive and neuropsychological assessments have been used.