A global profile of occupational therapy and primary care: results from the World Federation of Occupational Therapists survey

Background:
Despite the clearly identified roles and need for occupational therapy in primary care, guidance on a consistent global response is lacking.

Purpose:
This study aimed to gain insight into the global state of occupational therapy primary care services.

Method:
Data from an online survey of the 100 WFOT member organisations was grouped by country income levels; weighted global means and ANOVA were calculated.

Results:
Fifty-nine member organisations from five world regions responded, 33 (55.9%) representing high-income countries. Activities of daily living was the most addressed area; other health facilities (e.g., mental health services, rehabilitation services) were reported as a common setting. People with developmental disabilities, those with chronic illness/needs, and older adults were most likely to receive occupational therapy primary care services, with a higher likelihood of being financed by government (public) in one-on-one settings. Workforce supply, funding and training were consistently reported as key limiting factors for the profession in primary care.

Implications:
While recognizing regional histories and needs, it behooves the profession to work collectively to advance its capacity to provide primary care services. Key enablers to advance this area include workforce initiatives and funding access in line with a global workforce strategy for occupational therapy.